Progressive-Type Fused pH and Optical Image Sensor

Abstract

A fused pH and optical image sensor is proposed and fabricated using a complimentary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit technology. In the proposed image sensor, a pH sensor and an optical sensor are fused in the same pixel, enabling the pH and the optical signal to be detected simultaneously in the same sensing area. Moreover, the proposed image sensor enables us to measure each piece of information without any signal cross-talk. Therefore, the relationship between pH and light distributions can be clarified by using the proposed image sensor. The proposed image sensor is expected to have applications in various fields, such as biochemical, environmental, and medical fields.