Science · 2006 · 187 citations · 31 references
Natural SciencesAstronomyEarth SciencesAtmospheric ChemistryAtmospheric ScienceCloud PhysicsCloud ChemistryCloud FormationCloud PropertiesCloud Remote SensingCloud StructureMolecular CloudsCloud CharacterizationCloud Formation ProcessesCloud Ice FormationInfrared SpectraPolar Cloud MicrophysicsTitan Atmosphere Chemistry
Spectra from Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer reveal the presence of a vast tropospheric cloud on Titan at latitudes 51 degrees to 68 degrees north and all longitudes observed (10 degrees to 190 degrees west). The derived characteristics indicate that this cloud is composed of ethane and forms as a result of stratospheric subsidence and the particularly cool conditions near the moon's north pole. Preferential condensation of ethane, perhaps as ice, at Titan's poles during the winters may partially explain the lack of liquid ethane oceans on Titan's surface at middle and lower latitudes.
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The abundances of constituents of Titan's atmosphere from the GCMS instrument on the Huygens probe
H. Niemann, S. K. Atreya, S. J. Bauer et al. · Nature · 2005 · 938 citations · Full text
In situ measurements of the physical characteristics of Titan's environment
M. Fulchignoni, F. Ferri, F. Angrilli et al. · Nature · 2005 · 703 citations