Dispersions of Surface‐Modified Carbon Nanotubes in Water‐Soluble and Water‐Insoluble Polymers

TLDR

Microscale aggregation due to strong filler attractions hampers nanocomposite preparation and processing. The study aims to achieve uniform MWNT dispersion in both water‑soluble PEG and water‑insoluble polypropylene polymers. The authors evaluate surface‑active agents, oxidation, and functionalization on MWNT dispersion stability using zeta‑potential, particle‑size, optical and electron microscopy, and DSC‑derived crystallization metrics. They provide general guidelines for producing uniform MWNT dispersions in both polymer types via dispersive agents and surface treatments.

Abstract

Abstract Microscale aggregate formation, resulting from high intrinsic filler attractions, is one of the major issues in nanocomposite preparation and processing. Herein, the dispersive effects achieved by a wide range of surface‐active agents, as well as surface oxidation and functionalization, are investigated. The aim of our research is to form a uniform, multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) distribution in water‐soluble (poly(ethylene glycol)) and water‐insoluble (polypropylene) polymers. In order to understand the surface‐charge‐related stability of the treated nanotubes solutions, zeta‐potential measurements are applied. Quantification of the state of the MWNT dispersion is derived from particle‐size analysis, while visual characterization is based on optical and electron microscopy. To estimate the nucleating ability of the surface‐modified carbon nanotubes, the temperature of crystallization and the degree of crystallinity are calculated from differential scanning thermograms. Finally, we suggest general guidelines to produce uniform MWNT dispersions using a dispersive agent and/or surface treatment in water‐soluble and water‐insoluble polymers.