LOW-FREQUENCY DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUES: A REVIEWWITH SOME NEW INSIGHTS

Abstract

Low-frequency dielectric properties of biological tissues, characterized by - and -dispersions, are reviewedwith emphasis on physical mechanisms. Ion activities, tissue microstructure and composition are discussed. A newmechanism associated with membrane permeability is included. The counterion layer (electrical double layer)phenomenon is discussed. Electrode polarization, which always causes problems with low-frequency dielectricmeasurements, is also discussed.