2011 · 175 citations · 48 references
ComputingComputer Science3D ModelingComputer VisionMachine VisionFace RecognitionFacial ExpressionFacial ReconstructionImage RegistrationScene ReconstructionVideo Analysis3D Face Recognition3D Facial ReconstructionFacial Performance AnalysisSeam ExtractionSpeech-to-video AlignmentTemporal ConsistencyUser Study EvaluationVideo-based Face Recognition
We present a method for replacing facial performances in video. Our approach accounts for differences in identity, visual appearance, speech, and timing between source and target videos. Unlike prior work, it does not require substantial manual operation or complex acquisition hardware, only single-camera video. We use a 3D multilinear model to track the facial performance in both videos. Using the corresponding 3D geometry, we warp the source to the target face and retime the source to match the target performance. We then compute an optimal seam through the video volume that maintains temporal consistency in the final composite. We showcase the use of our method on a variety of examples and present the result of a user study that suggests our results are difficult to distinguish from real video footage.
48
Patrick Pérez, Michel Gangnet, Andrew Blake · 2003 · 2.1K citations
Patrick Pérez, Michel Gangnet, Andrew Blake · ACM Transactions on Graphics · 2003 · 1.7K citations · Full text
Vivek Kwatra, Arno Schödl, Irfan Essa et al. · 2003 · 1.2K citations
Robust real-time face detection
Paul Viola, Michael Jones · 2005 · 899 citations