Activity and Characterization by XPS, HR-TEM, Raman Spectroscopy, and BET Surface Area of CuO/CeO₂-TiO₂ Catalysts

Abstract

Structural and textural studies of a CuO/TiO2 system modified by cerium oxide were conducted using Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and N2 absorption (BET specific surface area). The introduction of a minor amount of CeO2 (Ce0.09Ti0.82O1.91Cu0.09 sample) resulted in a material with the maximum surface area value. The results of Raman spectroscopy revealed the presence of only two crystalline phases, TiO2 anatase and CeO2 cerianite, with well-dispersed copper species. TEM micrographs showed a trend toward smaller TiO2 crystallites when the cerium oxide content was increased. The XPS analysis indicated the rise of a second peak in Ti 2p spectra with the increasing amount of CeO2 located at higher binding energies than that due to the Ti4+ in a tetragonal symmetry. The CuO/TiO2 system modified by CeO2 displayed a superior performance for methanol dehydrogenation than the copper catalyst supported only on TiO2 or CeO2.