The Fading Role of T-Tube in Laparoscopic Choledochotomy: Primary Choledochorrhaphy and Over Pigtail J and Endonasobiliary Drainage Tubes

Abstract

Laparoscopic primary closure of the CBD and over pigtail J and ENBD tubes are easy and effective alternatives to T-tube placements; these procedures are safe and with great feasibility, they offer faster recovery time for patients and early discharge with lower hospital charge.