Technical note: Staining procedures for characterising biofilms in corrosion investigations

Abstract

Staining techniques with specificity for polysaccharides, anionically substituted polysaccharides, proteins, and polyphenols have been successfully adapted for use on gelatinous films found in certain pitted copper water pipes. The techniques are described and the results of their application both to films in pipes from service and to a range of controls are reported.