Hierarchically Porous Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ Anode Materials for Li‐ and Na‐Ion Batteries: Effects of Nanoarchitectural Design and Temperature Dependence of the Rate Capability

Abstract

Integrated design of both porous structure and crystalline morphology is expected to open up the way to a new class of materials. This report demonstrates new nanostructured Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 materials with hierarchically porous structures and flower‐like morphologies. Electrochemical studies of the electrodes of Li‐ion and Na‐ion batteries clearly reveal the advantage of nanoarchitectural design of active materials. In addition, the temperature dependence of Na + ‐insertion/extraction capacity in relation to Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 electrodes is for the first time evaluated and it is found that elevation of the cell operating temperature effectively improves the rate capability of the Na‐ion batteries. Based on the new findings, it is suggested that specially designed Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 materials allow for high‐performance Na‐ion batteries that are available as large‐scale storage devices for applications such as automotive and stationary energy storage.