Chemical treatment technologies for waste-water recycling—an overview

TLDR

The growing global population threatens freshwater scarcity, and limited water resources necessitate inexpensive, rapid wastewater treatment and reuse methods. This review surveys diverse water treatment and recycling technologies, evaluating their principles, applications, costs, maintenance, and suitability, and proposes a systematic framework and guidelines for selecting appropriate technologies. The paper contributes to global discussions on water‑scarcity solutions.

Abstract

The global population is increasing and because of this, the world may experience great fresh water scarcity. Our water resources are limited and, hence, water treatment and recycling methods are the only alternatives for getting fresh water in the coming decades. Therefore, there is a great need for the development of a suitable, inexpensive and rapid wastewater treatment techniques and reuse or conservation methods in the present century. The different types of water treatment and recycling techniques have been discussed in terms of their basic principles, applications, costs, maintenance and suitability. Additionally, a systematic approach to water treatment and recycling involving their understanding, evaluation and selection parameters has been presented. A brief guideline for the selection of the appropriate technologies for specific applications has been evaluated. This review adds to the global discussions on water scarcity solutions.