Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD): Explanation and Elaboration

TLDR

The TRIPOD Statement presents a 22‑item checklist designed to improve reporting of studies that develop, validate, or update prediction models for diagnostic or prognostic purposes. Its purpose is to enhance transparency in reporting prediction model studies regardless of the methods employed. This document explains each checklist item, provides examples of good reporting, discusses the importance of transparency for bias assessment and clinical usefulness, and offers guidance on design, conduct, and analysis of prediction model studies, with the checklist available for download. Authors are advised to submit a completed checklist to facilitate editorial review, peer review, and systematic review of prediction model studies.

Abstract

The TRIPOD (Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis) Statement includes a 22-item checklist, which aims to improve the reporting of studies developing, validating, or updating a prediction model, whether for diagnostic or prognostic purposes. The TRIPOD Statement aims to improve the transparency of the reporting of a prediction model study regardless of the study methods used. This explanation and elaboration document describes the rationale; clarifies the meaning of each item; and discusses why transparent reporting is important, with a view to assessing risk of bias and clinical usefulness of the prediction model. Each checklist item of the TRIPOD Statement is explained in detail and accompanied by published examples of good reporting. The document also provides a valuable reference of issues to consider when designing, conducting, and analyzing prediction model studies. To aid the editorial process and help peer reviewers and, ultimately, readers and systematic reviewers of prediction model studies, it is recommended that authors include a completed checklist in their submission. The TRIPOD checklist can also be downloaded from www.tripod-statement.org.