Microsurgical Resection of Brainstem, Thalamic, and Basal Ganglia Angiographically Occult Vascular Malformations

Abstract

AOVMs of the brainstem, thalamus, and basal ganglia can be safely removed, with a long-term neurological morbidity rate of only 5% and a complete lesion resection rate of 93% after the initial planned resection. The use of cranial base surgical approaches and intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring contributes to successful clinical outcomes.