Cytokine Response to Surgical Stress: Comparison of Pure Laparoscopic, Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic, and Open Nephrectomy

Abstract

Pure laparoscopic surgery in pigs elicits a less-robust cytokine response than HAL or open nephrectomy with respect to serum TNFalpha and peritoneal IL-6 concentrations, perhaps reflecting less impairment of the immune system. Clinical confirmation is required, and the implications with regard to oncologic tumor surveillance in humans require further study.