Mixed Self-Assembled Monolayers of Mercaptoundecanoic Acid and Thiolactic Acid for the Construction of an Enzymatic Biosensor for Hydroquinone Determination

Abstract

A horseradish peroxidase (HRP) biosensor was constructed using binary self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) and thiolactic acid (TLA) on gold surface. The advantages of using mixed SAM for the enzyme immobilization is that the long carbon chain molecules act as a support for the enzyme while the short chain molecules favor the electron transfer process. In order to obtain this modified surface, the gold electrode was incubated in a solution containing different proportions of MUA and TLA and the best concentration ratio of these molecules was 0.5 and 1.0 mmol L−1, respectively. The preparation steps and the biosensor response were monitored by electrochemical techniques. The biosensor proposed was applied to determine hydroquinone in a 0.10 mol L−1 phosphate buffer solution containing H2O2 0.3 mmol L−1. The Au-SAMmix-HRP electrode, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, catalyzes the oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding quinone, which is electrochemically reduced back to hydroquinone at −0.08 V vs Ag/AgCl. The analytical curve was linear for hydroquinone concentrations from 5.0 to 30 μmol L−1 and the detection limit was 1.26 μmol L−1. The lifetime of this biosensor was 15 days. The modified electrode displayed good reproducibility, sensitivity and stability for the determination of hydroquinone.