Disfluency Rates in Conversation: Effects of Age, Relationship, Topic, Role, and Gender

TLDR

Prior research suggests situational and demographic factors influence disfluency rates, prompting an examination of these variables in task‑oriented conversations. The study varied speakers’ ages, task roles, topic difficulty, relationships, and gender to assess their impact on disfluency. Older speakers showed only slightly higher disfluency rates than younger groups, while disfluency was higher for directors and abstract topics, and fillers differed from repeats or restarts, indicating distinct roles for fillers in coordination.

Abstract

After reviewing situational and demographic factors that have been argued to affect speakers' disfluency rates, we examined disfluency rates in a corpus of task-oriented conversations ( Schober & Carstensen, 2001) with variables that might affect fluency rates. These factors included: speakers' ages (young, middle-aged, and older), task roles (director vs. matcher in a referential communication task), difficulty of topic domain (abstract geometric figures vs. photographs of children), relationships between speakers (married vs. strangers), and gender(each pair consisted of a man and a woman). Older speakers produced only slightly $higher disfluency rates than young and middle-aged speakers. Overall, disfluency rates were higher both when speakers acted as directors and when they discussed abstract figures, confirming that disfluencies are associated with an increase in planning difficulty. However, fillers (such as u h) were distributed somewhat differently than repeats or restarts, supporting the idea that fillers may be a resource for or a consequence of interpersonal coordination.