Hybrid Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery for Nephrectomy with Standard Laparoscopic Instruments: Experience in a Canine Model

Abstract

Hybrid NOTES nephrectomy is technically feasible in canine model with a standard laparoscopic setup and instruments. This study may remove barriers for further investigational work with NOTES technique, especially with a view to adapting it for use in low-resource centers, while offering a strategy to help surgeons train with this novel technology.