The granite system at pressures of 4 to 10 kilobars

TLDR

Phase relations of the KAlSi₃O₈–NaAlSi₃O₈–SiO₂–H₂O granite system were investigated at 4–10 kb. At 10 kb, melting begins at 625 °C at an invariant point of albite, orthoclase, quartz, liquid, and vapor, with the liquid composition shifting toward NaAlSiO₃ as pressure rises; the quaternary minimum becomes a eutectic near 3.6 kb, and compositional trends suggest that pegmatites and aplites crystallized from water‑saturated magmas that lost alkalis by diffusion through coexisting aqueous fluids.

Abstract

Phase relations in a portion of the granite system, KAlSi3O8-NaAlSi3O8-SiO2-H2O have been studied in the pressure range 4 to 10 kb. At 10 kb, melting begins at 625°C at an isobaric invariant point involving albite + orthoclase + quartz + liquid + vapor. The anhydrous composition of the liquid at this isobaric quaternary eutectic corresponds to 21 orthoclase: 56 albite: 23 quartz in contrast to that at the isobaric quaternary minimum at 0.5 kb, where the liquid corresponds to 31 orthoclase: 30 albite: 39 quartz. This represents a shift of the liquid, in anhydrous projection, almost directly toward NaAlSi with increasing P. The quaternary minimum in this system becomes a eutectic at approximately 3.6 kb. Compositional comparisons among granites, aplites, zoned pegmatites, and the quaternary minimum and eutectic suggest that igneous pegmatites and aplites represent magmas that were saturated or nearly saturated with water when they began to crystallize. Trends in bulk composition among pegmatites further suggest selective losses of alkalies during crystallization, probably by diffusion through aqueous fluids coexisting with the silicate melts and their solid products.