In situ molecular detection of ischemic cells by enhanced protein direct electron transfer on a unique horseradish peroxidase–Au nanoparticles–polyaniline nanowires biofilm

Abstract

To overcome shortcomings of the ex situ approaches, in situ detection using H(2)O(2) molecules to diagnose ischemia through enhanced protein direct electron transfer on a unique horseradish peroxidase-Au nanoparticles-polyaniline nanowires biofilm is demonstrated and it is discovered that the extracellular H(2)O(2) molecule released per ischemic cell is 2.7-times of that of a normal cell.