Current Directions in Psychological Science · 1995 · 1.9K citations · 11 references
Public HealthBehavioral SciencesPsychologyBehavioral HealthHealth PsychologySelfEmotional Well-beingHealth In AdulthoodMental HealthMental Well-beingPsychological Well-beingWell-being In AdulthoodPsychosocial Well-beingWell-being
Research on psychological problems far outweighs studies of positive psychological functioning, and conventional definitions of mental health emphasize absence of illness rather than the presence of well‑being. The study aims to redefine mental health as the presence of positive well‑being, clarifying its core values and ideals. The paper outlines the defining features of well‑being.
in magnitude of research?studies of psychological problems dwarf the literature on positive psychological functioning?and in the meaning of basic terms (e.g., typical usage equates health with the absence of illness). A person is viewed as men tally sound if he or she does not suf fer from anxiety, depression, or other forms of psychological symp tomatology. This prevailing formula tion never gets to the heart of Well ness; to do so, we must define mental health as the presence of the positive. To explicate the positive is, how ever, to grapple with basic values and ideals of the human experience. These values are no less evident in definitions of human suffering, al though consensus in identification of the negative is somehow easier to achieve. Despite these challenges, much has been written, within the field of psychology and outside it, regarding the contours of positive psychological functioning. DEFINING FEATURES OF WELL-BEING
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My children and me: Midlife evaluations of grown children and of self.
Carol D. Ryff, Young Hyun Lee, Marilyn J. Essex et al. · Psychology and Aging · 1994 · 239 citations