Evaluation of Angiographically Occult Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulae With Surgical Microscope-Integrated Intraoperative Near-Infrared Indocyanine Green Angiography: Report of 3 Cases

Abstract

ICG angiography can rapidly identify a draining vein as it enters the spinal canal even in dAVFs not identifiable on catheter-based digital subtraction angiography.