Presence of Mucosal Change in the Urinary Bladder in Nonhematuric Patients with Long-Term Exposure and/or Accumulating High-Dose Cyclophosphamide

Abstract

Early mucosal lesion of the urinary bladder, which will most likely be followed by CPA-induced hemorrhagic cystitis, may develop prior to the appearance of microscopic hematuria. Periodic prophylactic cystoscopy is recommend in patients receiving CPA.