The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · 1995 · 315 citations · 0 references
Natural SciencesMechanical EngineeringPhysicsAcousticsComputational PhysicsPropagationAcoustic RadiationAcoustic Source ModelingAcoustic Wave PropagationNonlinear AcousticsShock WavesWave PropagationFinite Amplitude Sound WavesFrequency ModulationLow-frequency AcousticsPulse Duration EffectsShock Wave FormationShock Wave ModelingShock Wave PropagationTime-domain Modeling
A time-domain algorithm that solves the Khokhlov–Zabolotskaya–Kuznetsov (KZK) nonlinear parabolic wave equation is described. The algorithm models the propagation of pulsed finite amplitude sound beams radiated from axisymmetric sources in homogeneous, thermoviscous fluids. Numerical results are presented for waveform distortion and shock formation in directive beams radiated by pulsed circular pistons. Waveforms are calculated through the shock region and out to far-field locations where they are dominated by the nonlinearly generated low-frequency components. Effects of pulse duration, frequency modulation, and noise are examined. Methods for including relaxation and focusing are described.