High‐Pressure ³¹P{¹H} NMR Studies of RhH(CO)(TPPTS)₃ in the Presence of Methylated Cyclodextrins: New Light on Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydroformylation Reaction Assisted by Cyclodextrins

Abstract

Abstract The effect of methylated cyclodextrins on the RhH(CO)(TPPTS) 3 complex in hydroformylation conditions [50 atm of CO/H 2 (1/1) and 80 °C] has been investigated by high‐pressure 31 P{ 1 H} NMR spectroscopy. In the presence of methylated β‐cyclodextrin, the equilibria between the rhodium species lie in favor of phosphine low‐coordinated rhodium species. The formation of a stable inclusion complex between this cyclodextrin and the trisulfonated triphenylphosphine ligand (TPPTS) was found to be the key to understanding the displacement of the equilibria. Indeed, the methylated α‐cyclodextrin which does not interact with the TPPTS and the methylated γ‐cyclodextrin which can weakly bind to the TPPTS have no and a very low effect on the equilibria, respectively. These results explain for the first time why a decrease in the normal to branched aldehydes ratio is always observed when cyclodextrins are used as mass‐transfer agents in aqueous biphasic hydroformylation processes.