Factors Affecting the Preoperative and Postoperative Extracellular Fluid in the Arm on the Side of Breast Cancer: A Cohort Study

Abstract

The ECF ratio preoperatively is not affected by nodal involvement. The change in ECF ratio is affected by the extent of surgery and body mass. Change from preoperative ECF ratio did identify more women at risk for lymphedema than reliance postoperatively on thresholds, supporting preoperative measures.