Energy Storage Systems for Automotive Applications

TLDR

The fuel efficiency and performance of electric‑propulsion vehicles are largely constrained by the capabilities of their energy storage systems (ESS). This paper reviews state‑of‑the‑art ESSs for automotive use. The review examines battery technologies, monitoring and management strategies, and alternative ESSs such as ultracapacitors, flywheels, fuel cells, and hybrid combinations to enhance vehicle performance.

Abstract

The fuel efficiency and performance of novel vehicles with electric propulsion capability are largely limited by the performance of the energy storage system (ESS). This paper reviews state-of-the-art ESSs in automotive applications. Battery technology options are considered in detail, with emphasis on methods of battery monitoring, managing, protecting, and balancing. Furthermore, other ESS candidates such as ultracapacitors, flywheels and fuel cells are also discussed. Finally, hybrid power sources are considered as a method of combining two or more energy storage devices to create a superior power source.