Minimally Invasive Transmuscular Pedicle Screw Fixation of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine

Abstract

This study shows that percutaneous internal pedicle screw fixation using standard instruments is feasible and safe for posterior stabilization of the thoracic and lumbar spine. It is a straightforward alternative for open approaches or minimally invasive ones using navigation in conjunction with customized instruments. Accuracy of screw placement is similar to that reported for other techniques.