Effect of preterm premature rupture of membranes on neurodevelopmental outcome: follow up at two years of age

TLDR

The study aimed to assess whether preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) increases the risk of neurodevelopmental impairment in infants at two years of age. A prospective observational cohort of 140 PPROM infants and 120 gestational‑age‑matched controls born between 1986 and 1991 in Pavia, Italy, was followed to evaluate neurodevelopmental outcomes at two years. After adjusting for gestational age and birthweight, PPROM infants had a 5.75‑fold higher odds of severe neurodevelopmental impairment, and longer rupture duration was significantly associated with severe intraventricular haemorrhage, cystic periventricular leucomalacia, and moderate‑to‑severe impairment.

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the impact of preterm premature rupture of membranes on the neurodevelopmental outcome of infants, assessed at two years of age. Design A prospective observational study of surviving preterm infants born after premature rupture of membranes and of infants born after spontaneous preterm labour with intact membranes. The study was carried out in the period 1986 to 1991. Setting Pavia, Italy. Subjects One hundred and forty singleton infants born prematurely after premature rupture of membranes between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation and 120 controls of similar gestational age born after spontaneous preterm labour with intact membranes. Main outcome measures Infant neurodevelopmental outcome at two‐year follow up. Results After adjustment, by logistic analysis for the effect of gestational age and birthweight, infants born after premature rupture of membranes were more likely to have severe neurodevelopmental impairment (spastic tetraplegia and/or Bayley mental developmental index < 71) than controls (adjusted OR 5.75, 95% CI 1.22–27.18). Multivariate analysis of linear trend showed a statistically significant relation of duration of membrane rupture to occurrence of severe intraventricular haemorrhage, cystic periventricular leucomalacia and moderate to severe infant neurodevelopmental impairment. Conclusion Infants born after prolonged premature rupture of membranes are at higher risk of subsequent moderate to severe neurodevelopmental impairment than those born after spontaneous labour with intact membranes.