Antiestrogenic effect of 20S‐protopanaxadiol and its synergy with tamoxifen on breast cancer cells

Abstract

These results suggested that aPPD inhibits estrogen-stimulated gene expression and cell proliferation in ER-positive breast cancer cells. In addition, aPPD synergistically enhances cytotoxicity of tamoxifen in an ER-independent fashion, probably by down-regulating Akt activity.