Incidence of rotavirus infection in children with gastroenteritis attending Jos university teaching hospital, Nigeria

TLDR

The study aimed to determine the incidence of rotavirus infection among children with gastroenteritis attending Jos University Teaching Hospital in Plateau State. Researchers randomly selected 160 children with acute diarrhea, collected stool samples, and tested them for rotavirus antigens using a BIOLINE ELISA kit while recording parental demographic data. Rotavirus was found in 13.8% of the children, mainly under two years old (especially 7–12 months), with higher prevalence in males and when all three symptoms (diarrhea, fever, vomiting) were present, and potential risk factors included play with toys, day‑care attendance, distant water sources, consumption of uncooked food, and interaction with other children.

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the incidence of rotavirus infection in children with gastroenteritis attending Jos university teaching hospital, Plateau State. A total of 160 children with acute diarrhea were selected by random sampling. Stool samples were obtained and assayed for rotavirus antigens by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique using standard diagnostic BIOLINE Rotavirus kit. Demographic data of parents were also recorded. Rotavirus were detected in faeces of 22(13.8%) children with acute diarrhea, 90.9% of positive cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis were under 2 years of age with highest prevalence in children 7-12 months of age. Males excreted rotavirus at a significant higher rate than females (P<0.05). Rotavirus excretion was highest when all three symptoms (diarrhea, fever and vomiting) occurred in the same child (7.5%) and lower when 2 symptoms occurred together (diarrhea and vomiting) with 3.8%, diarrhea and fever with 1.3% and lowest when diarrhea occurred alone with 1.3%. Playing with toys, attending day care, distance of source of water from toilet, eating of food not requiring cooking and playing with other children may serve as predisposing factors of rotavirus disease in these children.