Spontaneous Spreading of Surfactant Solutions on Hydrophilic Surfaces: C<i>_n</i>E<i>_m</i> in Ethylene and Diethylene Glycol

Abstract

The spontaneous spreading of solutions of nonionic CnEm surfactants in ethylene and diethylene glycol on hydrophilic surfaces is investigated. The parameters of the study are the relative concentration of surfactant, defined as being the ratio between the bulk concentration and the critical micellar concentration, and the relative humidity (RH) of the surrounding atmosphere. At low RH, RH < 30%, normal spreading is observed, i.e., the radius R of the drops scales like t1/10, t being the time. For RH > 40%, an acceleration of spreading rate and the emergence of contact-line instabilities are observed in an increasing range around the cmc. A systematic study of these spreading laws and instabilities is reported. We propose a qualitative model of the processes, where the mobility of the surfactant on the solid surface controls the start of a Marangoni flow at the free liquid surface. Once started, this flow dominates the spreading.