Observing remnants by fermions' tunneling

Abstract

The standard Hawking formula predicts the complete evaporation of black\nholes. In this paper, we introduce effects of quantum gravity into fermions'\ntunneling from Reissner-Nordstrom and Kerr black holes. The quantum gravity\neffects slow down the increase of Hawking temperatures. This property naturally\nleads to a residue mass in black hole evaporation. The corrected temperatures\nare affected by the quantum numbers of emitted fermions. Meanwhile, the\ntemperature of the Kerr black hole is a function of $\\theta$ due to the\nrotation.\n