Influence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Infection and Degree of Immunosuppression in the Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Infective Endocarditis in Intravenous Drug Users

Abstract

Although there is a difference in clinical presentation in IE in IV drug users, outcome was similar according to their HIV status. However, among HIV-infected patients, severe immunosuppression and mixed or left-side valvular involvement were strong risk factors for mortality.