Two-step model of fusion for the synthesis of superheavy elements

Abstract

A new model is proposed for fusion mechanisms of massive nuclear systems where so-called fusion hindrance exists. The model describes two-body collision processes in an approaching phase and shape evolutions of an amalgamated system into the compound nucleus formation. It is applied to ${}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$-induced reactions and is found to reproduce the experimental fusion cross sections extremely well, without any free parameter. Combined with the statistical decay theory, residue cross sections for the superheavy elements can be readily calculated. Examples are given.