A unique micromechanocalorimeter for simultaneous measurement of heat rate and force production of cardiac trabeculae carneae

Abstract

To study cardiac muscle energetics quantitatively, it is of paramount importance to measure, simultaneously, mechanical and thermal performance. Ideally, this should be achieved under conditions that minimize the risk of tissue anoxia, especially under high rates of energy expenditure. In vitro, this consideration necessitates the use of preparations of small radial dimensions. To that end, we have constructed a unique micromechanocalorimeter, consisting of an open-ended flow-through microcalorimeter, a force transducer, and a pair of muscle-length actuators. The device enables the metabolic and mechanical performance of cardiac trabeculae carneae to be investigated for prolonged periods in a continuously replenished oxygen- and nutrient-rich environment.