Sexually Transmitted Infections · 2001 · 129 citations · 20 references
The widespread habit of douching among African female sex workers was confirmed. The association between vaginal douching and BV is of concern, given the increased risk of HIV infection with BV, which has now been shown in several studies. It is unclear why we could not demonstrate a direct association between douching and HIV infection. Further research is required to better understand the complex relation between douching, risk for bacterial vaginosis, and risk for HIV and other STIs.
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Cathy W. Critchlow, Pål Wölner‐Hanssen, David A. Eschenbach et al. · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · 1995 · 189 citations
Cervical Cancer Management, Vulvar Diseases, Cervical Cancer +13
Association Between Vaginal Douching and Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Pål Wölner‐Hanssen · JAMA · 1990 · 160 citations
HIV infection and vaginal douching in Central Africa
Gérard Grésenguet, Joan K. Kreiss, Michael K. Chapko et al. · AIDS · 1997 · 139 citations