Tolerance to low temperatures and tuber soft rot in hybrids between <i>Solanum commersonii</i> and <i>Solanum tuberosum</i> obtained through manipulation of ploidy and endosperm balance number (EBN)

Abstract

Abstract The objectives of this study were to evaluate the tolerance to low temperatures and tuber soft rot in hybrids between Solanum commersonii and Solanum tuberosum. The experimental materials consisted of F 1 triploid, BC 1 pentaploid‐near pentaploid and BC 2 tetraploid–near tetraploid hybrids. The F 1 triploids had a freezing tolerance and acclimatization capacity closest to S. commersonii. This indicated that the endosperm barriers which prevent the introgression of 1EBN S. commersonii into 4EBN S. tuberosum had been overcome. Indeed, the triploids produced 2 n eggs, thus giving a compatible maternal to paternal EBN ratio in the hybrid endosperm generated by the 3x(2EBN) × 4x(3EBN) crosses. The tolerance to low temperatures of BC 1 and BC 2 hybrids was lower than that of the F 1 . However, a number of genotypes were identified which were able to withstand temperatures down to ‐5°C. Some BC 2 hybrids were also tested for their tolerance to tuber soft rot, and some resistant hybrids were detected. A number of them combined the capacity for cold acclimatization with tolerance to tuber soft rot. These hybrids have an EBN of 4; they are fertile and have been used in backcrosses with 4EBN S. tuberosum.