Normal reference values of left ventricular strain using three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography: results from a multicentre study

Abstract

Normal ranges of global and regional LV strain using 3DSTE have been established for clinical use. Differences in the magnitude of LV strain are present between men and women as well as different age groups. Moreover, there are differences between different segments, walls, and levels as part of the functional non-uniformity of the normal LV that necessitates the use of segment-specific normal ranges for radial and longitudinal strains. Circumferential and area strains demonstrate the most consistent normal ranges overall.