Immune-stimulating effects of low-dose perioperative recombinant granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients operated on for primary colorectal carcinoma

Abstract

In this pilot study, perioperative administration of low-dose rhGM-CSF stimulated certain immune functions that are normally depressed after operation. The implications for the antitumour responses directly after operation and the formation of liver metastases are currently under investigation.