Managerial Attitudes and Need Orientations of Mid-Eastern Executives: An Empirical Cross-Cultural Analysis.

Abstract

This study explores managerial leadership styles and attitudes of 248 Mid-Eastern executives using the Ghiselli, et. al leadership instrument. It also seeks to identify sources of need satisfaction deficiencies and degrees of need importance as perceived by these managers using Porter's need satisfaction questionnaire. Findings of this research demonstrate - contrary to the popular belief - the strong impacts cultural and historic values have had on managerial attitudes and perceived need orientations of Mid-Eastern executives. Implications of the study for domestic and multinational managers are discussed.