Canadian Journal of Zoology · 1963 · 22 citations · 7 references
Life SciencesAnatomyZoologyComparative AnatomyInvertebrate ZoologyMarine Invertebrate BiologyComparative BiomechanicsInvertebrate AnatomyMusculoskeletal AnatomySpinal AnatomyVertebral AnatomyVertebrate AnatomyAnatomy Of FinsCaudal AnatomyCaudal Fin MorphologyCaudal MorphologyCaudal VertebraeDorsal Fin MorphologyJoint Capsule AnatomySynovial Joint Capsule
The caudal musculature of Hoplopagrus comprises dorsal and ventral superficial flexors reinforced by a deltoid flexor tendon, dorsal and ventral deep flexors a hypochordal longitudinal muscle, a dorsal adductor, and interradials. These provide for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and probably circumduction of fin rays. The muscles are innervated by a spinal nerve plexus. The fin rays articulate with the caudal vertebral skeleton by a well-developed joint capsule with a synovial space. Dissection of a series embracing Palaeoniscoidei–Holostei–Teleostei suggests how there has been an evolution of specialized effectors to actuate a caudal fin of increasingly complex function. A table of synonyms of muscles of the caudal fin is included.
7