Measurements of Surgeonsʼ Exposure to Ionizing Radiation Dose During Intraoperative Use of C-Arm Fluoroscopy

Abstract

The following factors could reduce radiation exposure during intraoperative use of C-arm; (1) distance from the patient, (2) C-arm configuration, (3) radioprotective equipments, (4) rotating the surgeons' eyes away from the patient, and (5) avoiding direct exposure of surgeons' hands.