Asymmetric Fission of Bismuth

Abstract

An asymmetric mode of mass division in the mass region 66-73 has been observed in the fission of ${\mathrm{Bi}}^{209}$ with 36-Mev protons. About 0.3% of the fissions contribute to this mode. At 58 Mev no evidence for asymmetric fission (0.05% of total fissions) as a separate mode could be found. The fission cross sections at 36 and 58 Mev are 1.9 and 11.3 mb, respectively. The narrowness of the 36-Mev asymmetric peak leads to the suggestion that the asymmetric fission of bismuth results from the fission of a single nuclear species and from a closed-shell effect, similar to the fine structure observed in low-energy fission of heavy elements. This asymmetric fission is considered to occur from states of relatively high excitation energy. However, the possibility of asymmetric fission also occurring from states of low excitation energy, whether following neutron evaporation or as a consequence of an inelastic proton interaction, cannot be ruled out. The symmetric fission observed with both 36- and 58-Mev protons is consistent with the results obtained by Fairhall in the fission of bismuth with 22-Mev deuterons.