Combined effect of spontaneously generated coherence and dynamically induced coherence in a three-level closed Λ system

Abstract

In a three-level closed Λ system with incoherent pumping, both the dynamically induced coherence (DIC) and the spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) play a significant role in inducing different nonlinear processes like amplification without population inversion (AWI), electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA). These two coherences can interfere destructively and constructively giving rise to different nonlinear processes (EIT, EIA, AWI) when the strength of these two coherences is comparable. Therefore the system can switch over from one nonlinear process to the other and the desired response of the system can be achieved by controlling the system parameters. It has been shown that this switching can occur by changing the relative strength of Rabi frequencies for the coherent and probe fields and the mode of incoherent pumping (unidirectional and bidirectional) for a chosen SGC parameter. Further control over the response can be achieved by changing the phase between two radiation fields. But the dependence on phase is different when both the coherences contribute than that obtained only from SGC. Exact analytical expressions for the coherences and populations in the steady state limit have been derived (keeping all orders of system parameters) to generalize the analysis and any restrictions over the system parameters (e.g. spontaneous decay widths on probe and coherent transitions are equal) have been avoided to make it applicable to various atomic and molecular systems. However the approximate expressions can be derived from these exact values. Numerical values obtained by solving the density matrix equations agreed well with these exact analytical values.