Prevalence and risk variables for peri‐implant disease in Brazilian subjects

TLDR

The study aimed to determine the prevalence of peri‑implant disease and identify risk factors for peri‑implant mucositis and peri‑implantitis in Brazilian patients. A cross‑sectional analysis of 212 partially edentulous subjects with osseointegrated implants was performed, with clinical and radiographic assessment followed by multinomial regression to evaluate associations between disease status and potential risk variables. Peri‑implant mucositis and peri‑implantitis prevalence were 64.6 % and 8.9 %, respectively, with gender, plaque scores, periodontal bleeding, periodontitis, and diabetes emerging as significant risk factors, while time since supra‑structure placement and maintenance visit frequency were not associated.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of peri-implant disease and analyse possible risk variables associated with peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. The study group consisted of 212 partially edentulous subjects rehabilitated with osseointegrated implants.The implants placed were examined clinically and radiographically to assess the peri-implant status. The degree of association between peri-implant disease and various independent variables was investigated using a multinomial regression analysis.The prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis were 64.6% and 8.9%, respectively. In univariate modelling, healthy peri-implant subjects presented lower plaque scores, less periodontal bleeding on probing, and less time elapsed since placement of supra-structures. In multivariate analyses, the risk variables associated with increased odds for having peri-implant disease included: gender, plaque scores, and periodontal bleeding on probing. Presence of periodontitis and diabetes were statistically associated with increased risk of peri-implantitis. The only two factors, which did not contribute to the presence of the disease, were the time elapsed since placement of supra-structures and the frequency of visits for maintenance care.Our data suggest that subjects with periodontitis, diabetes, and poor oral hygiene were more prone to develop peri-implantitis.