Psychological Bulletin · 2003 · 525 citations · 93 references
MedicineNeuroscienceVision ScienceCognitive NeuroscienceVisual NeuroscienceVisual PerceptionFunctional NeuroimagingMental ImageryPrimary Visual CortexVisual CognitionVisual NeurobiologyVisual SystemLogistic RegressionLogistic Regression AnalysisNeural Correlates Of ImageryPerceptual TheoryPrimary Visual Cortex FunctionVisual AwarenessVisual Cortex PhysiologyVisual Cortex Responses
Early visual cortex activation during visual mental imagery is inconsistently reported across neuroimaging studies. The authors review the literature and compare three models to explain these disparate findings. They coded each study as 1 (activation present) or 0 (absent) and used logistic regression to fit model‑specific variables to the observed activation patterns. Three variables—two associated with perceptual anticipation theory and one with methodological factors—account for all systematic differences, indicating the variability is not random.
Although many neuroimaging studies of visual mental imagery have revealed activation in early visual cortex (Areas 17 or 18), many others have not. The authors review this literature and compare how well 3 models explain the disparate results. Each study was coded 1 or 0, indicating whether activation in early visual cortex was observed, and sets of variables associated with each model were fit to the observed results using logistic regression analysis. Three variables predicted all of the systematic differences in the probability of activation across studies. Two of these variables were identified with a perceptual anticipation theory, and the other was identified with a methodological factors theory. Thus, the variability in the literature is not random.
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Recognition-by-components: A theory of human image understanding.
Irving Biederman · Psychological Review · 1987 · 5.6K citations
Psychology as the behaviorist views it.
John B. Watson · Psychological Review · 1913 · 3K citations