The Holomorphic Embedding Load Flow method

Abstract

The Holomorphic Embedding Load Flow is a novel general-purpose method for solving the steady state equations of power systems. Based on the techniques of Complex Analysis, it has been granted two US Patents. Experience has proven it is performant and competitive with respect established iterative methods, but its main practical features are that it is non-iterative and deterministic, yielding the correct solution when it exists and, conversely, unequivocally signaling voltage collapse when it does not. This paper reviews the embedded load flow method and highlights the technological breakthroughs that it enables: reliable real-time applications based on unsupervised exploratory load flows, such as Contingency Analysis, OPF, Limit-Violations solvers, and Restoration plan builders. We also report on the experience with the method in the implementation of several real-time EMS products now operating at large utilities.