Hardness, Toughness, and Scratchability of Germanium–Selenium Chalcogenide Glasses

Abstract

Ge–Se chalcogenide glasses are characterized by relatively low hardness (0.39–2.35 GPa) and low fracture toughness (0.1–0.28 MPa·m 1/2 ). Actually, the hardness of chalcogen‐rich glasses is low enough so that the brittleness parameter, B = H / K c , is lower than that of silicate glasses. Whereas hardness and Young's modulus increase with increasing germanium contents, fracture toughness follows a trend similar to that of the density and exhibits a maximum for the Ge 20 Se 80 composition, which corresponds to the rigidity percolation threshold. Optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy observations suggest that the indentation deformation proceeds by a localized shear deformation phenomenon. Glasses in the chalcogen‐rich region behave viscoelastically at room temperature. As a consequence, an increase of the loading time results in a decrease of hardness and toughness.