Synthesis of a Mullite Precursor from Aluminum Nitrate and Tetraethoxysilane via Aqueous Homogeneous Precipitation: An ²⁷ Al and ²⁹ Si Liquid‐ and Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopic Study

Abstract

A simple aqueous process is described for the preparation of aluminosilicate colloids and chemically homogeneous mullite precursor gel. Starting from a solution of aluminum nitrate and silicic acid, aluminum is slowly hydrolyzed at 80–100°C by in situ generation of ammonia. A silica gel is rapidly made, probably by a catalytic effect of urea, the base generator. This gel is then slowly digested by partially hydrolyzed aluminum species which break the Si‐O‐Si bonds and link to the gel by Si‐O‐Al bonds. Progressively a clear colloidal sol is obtained and the colloidal particle size continues to decrease toward aluminosilicate species where the silicon atoms are in a single environment and may be linked to three hexacoordinated aluminum atoms and a hydroxyl group, by reference to natural imogolite. When the hydrolysis of aluminum is nearly complete, these particles are cross‐linked and a final gel precursor of mullite is obtained. This gel is chemically very homogeneous and crystallizes to mullite at 980°C. The structural evolution, from the first gel to the ceramic, has been followed by 27 Al and 29 Si liquid‐ and solid‐state MAS NMR spectroscopy.