Suppression of Toxic Compounds Produced in the Decomposition of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolytes

Abstract

Liquid electrolytes typically used in commercial lithium-ion batteries are composed of lithium hexafluorophosphate in carbonate solvents. This electrolyte undergoes thermal decomposition at moderately elevated temperatures (80-100°C), encountered in the normal operation of these rechargeable power sources, to quantitatively generate highly toxic alkylfluorophosphates. The decomposition occurs via an autocatalytic mechanism initiated by trace impurities of water or alcohol. The thermal decomposition is inhibited in the presence of lithium metal oxides frequently used as the cathode of lithium-ion batteries or Lewis basic additives. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.