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Submillimeter continuum observations of Rho Ophiuchi A - The candidate protostar VLA 1623 and prestellar clumps
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Submillimeter continuum mapping of the Rho Ophiuchi A cloud core reveals four compact clumps of less than 1 M⊙ embedded in a 15 M⊙ arc‑shaped ridge at the edge of the H II region around the B3 star S1. The study proposes that VLA 1623 is a protostar with a “cored‑apple” envelope and that it, along with other low‑luminosity YSOs, defines a new class of young stellar objects. The authors infer a density gradient consistent with either a centrally heated envelope or an isothermal envelope lacking a central heating source. Three clumps are likely prestellar, while the fourth, coincident with VLA 1623, is the coldest and best defined; its highly efficient mass ejection suggests that a global MHD model of infall and outflow is needed to explain such young embedded sources. Published in The Astrophysical Journal (March 1993, DOI 10.1086/172425).
view Abstract Citations (1129) References (94) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Submillimeter Continuum Observations of rho Ophiuchi A: The Candidate Protostar VLA 1623 and Prestellar Clumps Andre, Philippe ; Ward-Thompson, Derek ; Barsony, Mary Abstract Submillimeter continuum mapping of the Rho Ophiuchi A cloud core reveals four compact clumps with masses less than about 1 solar mass embedded in an arcshaped ridge of total mass about 15 solar, lying at the edge of the compact H II region around the B3 star S1. Three of the clumps appear amorphous in shape and are probably prestellar in nature. The fourth clump is the best defined and coldest and coincides with the young stellar object (YSO) VLA 1623. It is suggested that this object is a protostar whose circumstellar material is distributed in a 'cored-apple' envelope. The density gradient appears to be that of a centrally heated envelope or of an isothermal envelope with no central heating object. The mass ejection of VLA 1623 appears to be extremely efficient and implies that a global MHD approach to infall and outflow may be required to explain the youngest embedded sources. It is suggested that VLA 1623 and a few other low-luminosity YSOs make up an entirely new class of YSOs. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: March 1993 DOI: 10.1086/172425 Bibcode: 1993ApJ...406..122A Keywords: Early Stars; Protostars; Star Formation; Stellar Structure; Cosmic Dust; Energy Distribution; Submillimeter Waves; Astrophysics; ISM: JETS AND OUTFLOWS; ISM: INDIVIDUAL ALPHANUMERIC: VLA 1623; STARS: INDIVIDUAL CONSTELLATION NAME: RHO OPHIUCHI A; STARS: PRE--MAIN-SEQUENCE; RADIO CONTINUUM: STARS full text sources ADS | data products SIMBAD (25)